By Erin Hagan
Prostate cancer, one of the most prevalent cancers among men, affects about 1 in 8 men in the U.S. during their lifetime. Because it often progresses without obvious signs, early detection is crucial, as many cases are only diagnosed at a more advanced stage.
Many men tend to avoid focusing on medical issues, but vigilance is especially important when it comes to prostate health. September is Prostate Cancer Awareness Month, a time to build a greater understanding of this condition and encourage men to seek preventive care.
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Understanding Prostate Cancer
The prostate is a small gland located below the bladder in men. It produces seminal fluid that nourishes and transports sperm. Prostate cancer begins when cells in the prostate undergo DNA changes and start growing abnormally fast.
In its early stages, prostate cancer often has few or no symptoms. When symptoms do occur, they may include:
- Difficulty urinating
- Blood in the urine
- Pain in the lower back or pelvic area
- Erectile dysfunction (ED)
It’s important to remember that not all prostate issues are cancerous. For example, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common condition where the prostate enlarges with age but does not increase the risk of prostate cancer.
The Power of Early Diagnosis
While most prostate cancers develop slowly and remain confined to the prostate, some aggressive forms can spread quickly. The encouraging news is that men with early-stage prostate cancer have a 5-year survival rate of over 99%. That’s why routine screenings are crucial—they help identify problems as early as possible, allowing for more effective treatment.
What Happens During a Screening?
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) advises that most men start prostate screening around age 55, although those at higher risk for prostate cancer may need to begin sooner.
There isn’t a single definitive test for prostate cancer screening, but two common methods used to detect this condition include:
- Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Blood Test: Measures the level of prostate-specific antigen in the blood. Elevated PSA levels may indicate prostate cancer, but they can also signal other prostate conditions such as prostatitis (inflammation of the prostate) or BPH.
- Digital Rectal Exam (DRE): A primary care provider or urologist manually checks the prostate for abnormalities, such as lumps or hard areas.
If there are any irregularities, the doctor may recommend further tests, such as imaging or a biopsy, to confirm the diagnosis.
Depending on the stage and individual circumstances, treatment options may include surgery, radiation, hormone therapy, or active surveillance (monitoring the cancer closely without immediate treatment). Plans are customized to meet each patient’s specific needs.
Let’s Start the Conversation
Due to its personal nature, discussing prostate health can feel uncomfortable or even shameful for many men, especially as it relates to sexual function. But working through the discomfort and increasing awareness can help to break the stigma and encourage open dialogue. By normalizing these conversations, men may feel more at ease about seeking early medical advice.
Prioritizing Prostate Health
Prostate cancer is a widespread health concern for millions of men worldwide. By fostering greater knowledge and understanding, we can encourage men to prioritize their prostate health and seek preventive care. This month and beyond, let’s continue to break the silence and empower men to take control of their well-being!
